[ link of arms holding infant and growth rate]

Introduction: In the first 6 months of life, infant growth had maximum of its speed but abnormality growth may reflect on a chronic disease, inadequate nutrition or may be depend on another complications such as dietary, psychosocial development

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate relationship of In-Arms holding a baby during breast feeding and growth rate in Kashan health centers

Methods: This study was a descriptive correlational design. 94 mothers entered in study who reffered to Kashan health center. A questionnaire developed by the researcher was tool that was completed by interview. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests [t-test, Pearson, chi-square test]

Results: Mean maternal age was 27.980 [6.836 +/- ]. The mean birth weight was 3272.5 [427.133 +/- ], mean of height 49.280[3.022 +/- ] and mean of head circumference was 34.928[2.371 +/- ]. Time of infant In-Arms Holding by mother was between zero to five hours a day and average time was 4/55 [845/0 +/- ]. Time of In-Arms Holding for other family members and relations was 1 to 5 hours and mean time of In-Arms Holding was 4/910 [223/1 +/- ]. T-test showed that there aren't significant relationship between In-Arms Holding baby by the mother and friends and indices of growth in 2, 4 and 6 months[p>0.05]

Conclusion: in this study relationship between skin to skin contacts of neonatal growth rate was irrelevant, but due to conflicting results on similar studies, interventional studies with the higher sample size are recommended

Barriers to delivery of tissue plasminogen activator for patients with acuteischemic stroke

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first leading cause of disability worldwide. The tissue plasminogen activator [TPA] is one of the few treatments for this condition, which is currently used at a limited number of medical centers in Iran. Since the TPA is not used in Qazvin City, Iran, this study aimed to determine the frequency of qualified recipients to receive the TPA and the preventive factors associated with the use of the drug at the Boo Ali Center [Qazvin, Iran]. In this case study, 100 patients with the acute cerebral ischemic attack admitted to Boo-Ali hospital were selected during a six-month period [March to September 2014]. The patients were evaluated for receiving the TPA using a questionnaire and then the data were analyzed. Only 8% of the patients were qualified to receive the TPA. the main preventing factors in drug delivery with the highest rates were delay in visiting by a neurologist [75%], delay in referring the patients to the medical centers [67%], delay in preparing the clinical tests [46%], delay in visiting by an emergency department physician [39%], delay in preparing the CT scan result [36%], using the anti-platelets [35%], and anticoagulants [26%], respectively. Due to several preventive factors in the delivery of the drug, only a limited percentage of the patients were qualified to receive the TPA. More studies are needed to identify the causes and obviate them

Gap analysis between perceptions and expectations of service recipients through servqual approach in Yazd, Afshar hospital

The quality of service is a key ingredient in the success of health care, organizations. Parasuraman, et al [1985] defined service quality as the differences between predicted or expected service [customer expectations] and perceived service [customer perception].Recently, service quality has become an important research topic for of its significant relationship to costs, profitability, customer satisfaction, customer retention and service guarantee. Several tools have therefore been developed to measure service quality but the Parasuraman 22 item servqual questionnaire created based on the gap model remains the most widely used tool in a variety of industries. This study attempts to replicate the servqual measurement of Parasuraman et al in determining the gap between perceptions and expectations of service recipients in Afshar hospital. This descriptive - applied study was carried out cross-sectionally in 2010. The research population consisted of patients admitted to Afshar hospital wards. Totally 84 patients were selected by sample size formula. The data were collected by 22-item servqual questionnaire designed according to gap model. Data analysis was carried out through SPSS and LISREL software using Kolmosrof - Smirnoff and paired sample t -test. The results demonstrated that there was a quality gap in Afshar hospital,that is, there were significant differences between expectations and perceptions of patients in servqual dimensions. Also, the study identified some critical and problematic items that have main roles in constructing observed quality gap. The existing quality gap means patients' expectations exceed their perceptions.Thus improvements are needed to be made across servqual dimensions

case with a fistula draining into the stomach due to retained surgical gauze

Retained surgical gauze is occasionally observed in general practice. Herein, we report a case with surgical gauze retained for over 13 years that created a fistula which drained pus into the stomach

Aggressive kaposi sarcoma in a new case of HIV; case report and review of the literature

Kaposi sarcoma [KS] is an angioproliferative tumor that mainly involves mucocutaneous tissues, but extracutaneous spread to lymph nodes, G1 tract, lungs, liver, pancreas, heart, and testes can occur in AIDS-associated KS. Patients with pulmonary KS may be symptomatic or present with an asymptomatic abnormality on chest radiography. A 28-year -old man presented with a one month history of rashes, cough, weakness and malaise. He has been an intravenous drug user since 5 years ago. The rashes were first noted in his face and then spread to his oral cavity and trunk. Skin biopsy was compatible with KS. Kaposi sarcoma of the tip of the nose has been introduced as a sentinel sign for Kaposi sarcoma of the lung. This case is a young man with mucocutaneous and pulmonary KS as a new HIV patient

[Serum zinc levels in patients with acne vulgaris]

Acne vulgaris is the most common disorder of pilosebaceous units which can develop serious psychological disabilities. It is clear that nutritional minerals [such as zinc] can intricately be involved in pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as acne vulgaris. This study was conducted to measure the serum zinc level in patients with acne vulgaris and compare it with healthy controls. We studied 30 patients with acne whom were matched in their age, sex and place of residence with healthy controls. Their serum zinc levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Mean serum level of zinc in acne patients and controls were 92.42 +/- 37.6 micro g/dl and 101.3 +/- 43.41 micro g/dl, respectively. Although, the mean serum zinc level was lower in acne group, it was not statistically significant [P=0.32]. It seems that relative decrease of serum zinc level in acne patients can further highlight the role of this trace element in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris

Human calprotectin, a potent anticancer with minimal side effect

Chemotherapy by using agents such as etoposide is a common way for inhibition of tumors. This treatment is accompanied by many undesirable side effects. Calprotectin is an abundant protein in the neutrophil cytosol, it has growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities against various cell types such as tumor cells. In this study to introduce calprotectin as a suitable substitute anticancer, its growth inhibitory effect on human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line [AGS] and human foreskin fibroblast cells [HFFF] is compared to etoposide effect on these two cell lines. Calprotectin was purified from human neutrophil by chromatography methods. AGS and HFFF cell lines were used. These cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FCS in a humidified incubator [37 §C and 5% CO2]. AGS cells [10000 cells per well] were exposed to the different concentrations of calprotectin and etoposide for 24 and 48 h. MTT assay was used for evaluation of cytotoxicity. Results indicate that calprotectin has more potent anticancer activity in comparison to the etoposide but it has nearly similar inhibitory effect on the proliferation of fibroblast cells. Since calprotectin affect about 20 times more than etoposide on cancer cells, without any additional side effect, it can be concluded that it is a suitable candidate to be studied as anticancer drug

[Detection of blaTEM and blaSHV genes among clinical isolates of E. coli from Tehran hospitals]

The pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli cause severe septicemia, urinary tract infection and wound sepsis. Resistance of this organism to the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins occurs via the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBLs] such as TEM and SHV. These enzymes hydrolyze oxyiminocephalosporins [cefotaxime, ceftazidime] and monobactams [aztreonam]. This study was conducted to determine the drug susceptibility and prevalence of ESBL phenotypes of E. coli isolates at Tehran hospitals. Collectively, 200 isolates of E. coli were obtained from 5 hospitals in Tehran. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of all clinical specimens were determined using disk diffusion method. Phenotypic confirmatory test was used to detect ESBL producing isolates. The MICs of ceftazidime and imipenem were determined using Microbroth dilution assay. Isolates with MIC >/= 2microg/ml were screened by PCR to detect blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime were 30.1% and 32.1% respectively. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem. 52.5% of them [n=105] were positive in phenotypic confirmatory test. Resistance to ciprofloxacin among ESBL positive strains was 41%. The blaTEM and blaSHV genes were found among 24% [n=48] and 6% [n=12] of isolates respectively. Six isolates [3%] contained both genes. At Tehran hospitals, the rate of resistance to ceftazidime and prevalence of ESBL phenotype among the isolates of E. coli are high. It is necessary to seek a remedy for monitoring the ESBLs in these health settings. TEM is the dominant enzyme among the ESBL producing strains of E. coli in Iran

study on the application efficacy of solvent-detergent [S/D] treatment in the process of purifying factor VII from prothrombin complex

The risks of transmitting viral infection by blood and plasma-derived products have long been known and still remain an area of concern. In this study, in the process of purifying human factor VII from prothrombin complex, S/D treatment using tri-n-butyl phosphate and Tween 80 was employed and its capability and efficacy was studied. The results indicated that the process did not affect the biological function of the essential coagulation factors studied. In addition, the process was shown to be effective on enveloped viruses, where its inactivation factor for the model used, Herpes Simplex type I, was 5.5 logs. However, the procedure was not effective on poliovirus which was used as a model for non-enveloped viruses. It is therefore concluded that for increasing viral safety it is best to apply at least one more inactivating procedure which will be effective on non-enveloped viruses as well

Preparation of highly purified solvent-detergent coagulation Factor VII and factor IX concentrates from prothrombin complex [PPSB]

In this study, anion-exchange chromatography was used to purify factor VII and factor IX from prothrombin complex [PPSB], which contains coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X. For this purpose, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B gel, Pharmacia column XK-26, high flow rate and two stepwise gradients with phosphate citrate buffer were used. The yield of the two lyophylized products, factor VII and factor IX concentrates, was 61% and 75%, respectively. Specific activity of factor VII increased from 0.16 to 3.06 [purification-fold= 19.1] and specific activity of factor IX increased from 1:2 to 4.9 [purification-fold= 4.1]. Results of electrophoresis on agarose gel-as well as immunoelectrophoresis-indicated higher purity of factor VII and factor IX compared to PPSB. Thrombogenicity of the two products were within the normal range defined for PPSB. In order to improve viral safety, solvent-detergent treatment was performed prior to further purification. Factor VII concentrate is used for patients with factor VII deficiency and also for hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Factor IX concentrate is used for treatment of hemophilia B patients